ANATOMY

=ANATOMY=


 * //Course description.//** A study of the anatomical structure of the human body. Body structure will be studied by organ systems and will involve a balance between gross anatomical study and histology. Form-function relationships will be emphasized. The laboratory study will involve working with human skeletal collections and dissection of other preserved specimens.

= STANDARDS = 9-12.L.1.1. Students are able to relate cellular functions and processes to specialized structures within cells. 9-12.L.1.2. Students are able to classify organisms using characteristics and evolutionary relationships of major taxa 9-12.L.1.3. Students are able to identify structures and function relationships within major taxa. 9-12.L.2.1. Students are able to predict inheritance patterns using a single allele. 9-12.L.2.2. Students are able to describe how genetic recombination, mutations, and natural selection lead to adaptations, evolution, extinction, or the emergence of a new species.

New Generation Life Science Standards
The performance expectations in LS1: From Molecules to Organisms: Structure and Process help students formulate an answer to the question, "How do organisms live and grow?" The LS1 Disciplinary Core Idea from the NRC Framework is presented as three sub-ideas: Structure and Function, Growth and Development pf Organisms, and Organization for Matter and Energy Flow in Organisms In these performance expectations, students demonstrate that they can use investigations and gather evidence to support explanations of cell function and reproduction. they understand the role of proteins as essential to the work of the cell and living systems. Students can use models to explain photosynthesis, respiration and the cycling of matter and flow of energy in living organisms. The cellular processes can be used as a model for understanding o the hierarchical organization of organisms. Cross-cutting concepts of matter and energy, structure and function, and systems and system models provide students with insights to the structures and processes of organisms. = COMMON CORE = (Writing) ====10.RST.2 Determine the central ideas or conclusions of a text;trace the text’s explanation or depiction of a complex process,phenomenon, or concept; provide an accurate summary of the text. ==== ====9-10.WHST.2 Write informative/explanatory text including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures experiments, or technical processes ==== ====9-10.WHST.6 Use technology, including the Internet, to produce, publish, and update individual or shared writing products, taking advantage of technology’s capacity to link to other information and to display information flexibly and dynamically. ====

LABOR DAY || September 2 ORIENTATION || September 3 REVIEW Lab Safety || September 4 REVIEW Lab Safety || September 5 Review Lab safety || RESEARCH (Process of Pig dissection) || September 9 Continue research Define/Discuss vocabulary || September 10 || September 11 || September 12 || Fetal Pig Dissection: External Anatomy
 * September 1
 * September 8
 * September 15 || September 16 || September 17 || September 18 || September 19 ||
 * September 22 || September 23 || September 24 || September 25 || September 26 ||

External Anatomy

1. Determine the sex of your pig by looking for the **urogenital opening**. On females, this opening is located near the anus. On males, the opening is located near the **umbilical cord**.

If your pig is female, you should also note that **urogenital papilla** is present near the genital opening. Males do not have urogenital papilla.

Both males and females have rows of **nipples**, and the umbilical cord will be present in both.

 What sex is your pig? _________

2. Make sure you are familiar with terms of reference: **anterior, posterior, dorsal, ventral**. In addition, you’ll need to know the following terms


 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Medial **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">: toward the midline or middle of the body

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;"> **Lateral**: toward the outside of the body

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;"> **Proximal**: close to a point of reference
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Distal **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">: farther from a point of reference

3. Open the pig’s mouth and locate the **hard** and **soft palate** on the roof of the mouth. Can you feel your own hard and soft palates with your tongue?

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Note the **taste buds** (also known as **sensory papillae**) on the side of the **tongue**. Locate the esophagus at the back of the mouth. Feel the edge of the mouth for teeth. Does the fetal pig have teeth? ________

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;"> Are humans born with teeth? ________

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Locate the **epiglottis,** a cone-shaped structure at the back of the mouth, a flap of skin helps to close this opening when a pig swallows. The **pharynx** is the cavity in the back of the mouth – it is the junction for food (esophagus) and air (trachea).

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">4. Gestation for the fetal pig is 112-115 days. The length of the fetal pig can give you a rough estimate of its age.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">11mm – 21 days <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">17 mm – 35 days <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">2.8 cm – 49 days <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">4 cm – 56 days 22 cm – 100 days
 * || How old is your fetal pig? __________ || ||

30 cm -- birth

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">5. Observe the toes of the pig. How many toes are on the feet? ___________________ <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Do they have an odd or even number of toes? _________________

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">6. Observe the eyes of the pig, carefully remove the eyelid so that you can view the eye underneath. Does it seem well developed? Do you think pigs are born with their eyes open or shut? __________________

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">7. Carefully lay the pig on one side in your dissecting pan and cut away the skin from the side of the face and upper neck to expose the **masseter muscle** that works the jaw, **lymph nodes**, and **salivary glands**. The salivary glands kind of look like chewing gum, and are often lost if you cut too deeply.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">**Make sure you know the locations of all the bold words on this handout** **